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| 643 |
| | | The Coptic Christians of Egypt become isolated after the Muslim conquest | |
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| 670 |
| | | The Arabs establish a garrison town at Kairouan, as a base for the conquest of northwest Africa | |
|  | Kairouan
Photograph Barnaby Rogerson
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| c. 670 |
| | | With the entire middle east under their control, the Arabs make Damascus the capital of the Umayyad caliphate | |
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| 698 |
| | | Carthage is captured from the Byzantines by the Arabs and is finally destroyed, though Tunis will later rise nearby | |
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| c. 700 |
| | | The African slave trade through the Sahara is so extensive that a new town, Zawila, is established as a trading station | |
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| 711 |
| | | Muslim Arabs cross from north Africa into Spain and drive the Visigoths from Toledo | |
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| 828 |
| | | The Venetians, acquiring from Alexandria some bones believed to be those of St Mark, build St Mark's to house the valuable relic | |
|  | St.Mark's, Venice. Mosaic
Fotofile CG
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| 862 |
| | | During refurbishment of the mosque at Kairouan, in north Africa, a high fluted dome is added | |
|  | Kairouan
Photograph Barnaby Rogerson
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| c. 870 |
| | | Ahmad ibn Tulun, a Mameluke, seizes power in Egypt - establishing his own Tulunid dynasty | |
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| 969 |
| | | The Fatimids establish a new capital city on the Nile, calling it Al Kahira ('the victorious'), which becomes reduced to Cairo | |
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